Autism Without Special Interests: Understanding the Spectrum
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors. The effects of ASD and the severity of symptoms are different in each person. One of the common misconceptions about autism is that having special interests or intense focus on specific topics is a defining characteristic of all individuals on the spectrum. However, this is not always the case.
Special interests are indeed common among individuals with autism and can provide significant benefits, such as increased knowledge in a particular area, enjoyment, and a means of coping with stress. They can also serve as a bridge to connect with others, offering a common ground for conversation and social interaction. However, it’s important to recognize that not everyone with autism will have special interests, and the absence of such interests does not preclude an autism diagnosis.
The diversity of the autism spectrum means that while some individuals may have highly focused interests, others may not have one singular passion or may engage in a variety of activities without a deep-seated obsession. Some people may have shifting interests over time or may not recognize their activities as ‘special interests’ because they align with societal norms or are integrated into their daily routines, such as a job or hobby.
Understanding that autism is a spectrum disorder is crucial. It emphasizes that each individual with autism has a unique set of characteristics and challenges. The diagnostic criteria for autism in the DSM-5 include restricted and repetitive behaviors, but these can manifest in many different ways, and not all criteria must be met for a diagnosis.
Research suggests that the restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBs) associated with autism can be divided into two dimensions: a pattern of overly regulated thinking and sensory-motor behaviors. These behaviors and interests are not exclusive to autism and can be seen in typically developing children and those with other developmental conditions.
It’s also important to de-pathologize the intense special interests often associated with autism. Psychologist Devon Price highlights that engaging with special interests is linked to improved social, emotional, and even fine motor development in children with autism. For autistic adults, these interests are positively associated with subjective well-being.
In conclusion, while special interests can be a part of the autism experience for many, they are not a universal aspect of the condition. Recognizing the broad spectrum of autism and the individuality of each person’s experience is essential for understanding and supporting those with ASD. Whether an individual with autism has special interests or not, their experiences and challenges are valid and deserve recognition and accommodation in society.
with a Psychologist?
Consultant Counselling Psychologist
Est. 1995
Child, Adolescent & Adult Psychologist
- Services
Autism Assessment
- Over 150 cases completed to date
Expert Witness Reports
- Many of cases completed
Marriage & Family Counselling
- 28 years experience
Access to over 120 mental health professionals. Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Counsellors and more!
– Doctor of Psychology
– HCPC Counselling Psychologist since 19/01/2012
– Autism Assessment: Over 150 cases assessed to date
– Child, Adolescent & Adult Psychologist- Cardiff University and Bond Solon Qualifications for Expert Witness Work Completed
– 28 years’ experience as a Counselling Psychologist in the UK working with Children, Adolescents and Adults
– Expert Witness Psychological Report Writing since 2007 – many reports completed
– Strong knowledge and qualifications in therapeutic interventions using systemic and CBT framework
– Highly experienced in adolescent psychological assessments such as depression, anxiety, self-harm, trauma, PTSD, abuse and social withdrawal
