Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors. The effects of ASD and the severity of symptoms are different in each person.
ASD is called a “spectrum” because it affects individuals differently and to varying degrees. It is a lifelong condition that appears during early childhood and can impact a person’s social skills, communication, relationships, and self-regulation. ASD is found in all ethnic, racial, and economic groups. Although ASD can be a lifelong disorder, treatments and services can improve a person’s symptoms and ability to function.
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), classifies ASD as a single disorder that includes disorders previously considered separate — autism, Asperger’s syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and an unspecified form of pervasive developmental disorder. Some people still use the term “Asperger’s syndrome,” which is generally thought to be at the mild end of autism spectrum disorder.
ASD begins before the age of three and can last throughout a person’s life, although symptoms may improve over time. Some children show symptoms within the first few months of life, while others may develop normally for the first few years then suddenly become withdrawn or aggressive or lose language skills they’ve already acquired.
Signs of ASD include:
- Problems with eye contact
- Difficulty with conversational cues
- Little or no response to their names
- Indifference to caregivers’ voices
- Difficulty interpreting facial expressions and body language
- Repetitive movements, such as rocking, spinning, or hand-flapping
- Specific routines or rituals
- Sensitivity to light, sound, or touch, yet indifference to pain or temperature
Diagnosing ASD involves multiple steps, including developmental screening and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. There is no single medical test for diagnosing ASD. Instead, a thorough evaluation is conducted by a team of doctors and other health professionals with a wide range of specialties.
At present, there is no cure for ASD. However, research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child’s development. These services include therapy to help the child talk, walk, and interact with others. Therefore, it is important to talk to your child’s doctor as soon as possible if you think your child has ASD or other developmental problems.
Even though ASD is a difficult condition, many people with ASD have exceptional abilities in visual skills, music, math, and art. Indeed, people with ASD may have the potential to lead full and productive lives with the right kind of support and encouragement.
For more detailed information on ASD, its symptoms, how it is diagnosed, and treatment options, you can visit reputable sources such as the Autism Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health, and Autism Speaks.
