Understanding the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors. The effects of ASD and the severity of symptoms are different in each person.
ASD is called a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. However, the condition can be diagnosed at any age. Research indicates that autism develops from a combination of genetic and nongenetic, or environmental, influences. These influences appear to increase the risk that a child will develop autism. However, it’s important to keep in mind that increased risk is not the same as cause. For example, some gene changes associated with autism can also be found in people who don’t have the disorder. Similarly, not everyone exposed to an environmental risk factor for autism will develop the disorder. In fact, most will not.
Autism’s most-obvious signs tend to appear between 12 and 18 months of age. Some infants show hints of future problems within the first few months of life. In others, symptoms may not become obvious until 24 months or later. Some children seem to develop normally until around 18 to 24 months of age and then they stop gaining new skills, or they lose the skills they once had.
Studies on high-risk infants, such as siblings of children with ASD, suggest that the earliest signs of autism can sometimes be observed before 12 months of age. Some early signs of autism include:
- Problems with eye contact
- No response to their name
- Difficulties following another person’s gaze or pointed finger to an object (or “joint attention”)
- Poor skills in pretend play and imitation
- Challenges with nonverbal communication
It’s crucial to note that some children with autism do not show any signs until many months or even years later. And some children who show early signs of autism do not go on to have the disorder.
Early detection and intervention can greatly improve outcomes for individuals with autism. For parents and caregivers, being aware of the early signs of autism is vital. If developmental delays are observed, they should seek evaluation from a doctor as soon as possible. Intervention is likely to be more effective when it is provided earlier in life rather than later.
For further information on the early signs and diagnosis of autism, resources such as the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Mayo Clinic, and the National Institute of Mental Health can provide valuable insights. Additionally, Mayo Clinic Press has published articles discussing the early signs of autism, and Children’s Health offers guidance on recognizing the early signs and symptoms of autism.
Understanding autism is an ongoing process, and research continues to evolve. What is paramount is the support and understanding that we as a society provide to individuals with ASD and their families.
