Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors. The effects of ASD and the severity of symptoms are different in each person.
ASD is called a “spectrum” because there is wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience. ASD occurs in all ethnic, racial, and economic groups. Although ASD can be a lifelong disorder, treatments and services can improve a person’s symptoms and ability to function.
The American Psychiatric Association merged four previously distinct diagnoses into one umbrella diagnosis of ASD in 2013. These included autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger syndrome. These disorders are now all called autism spectrum disorder.
Here are some of the types of ASD:
- Autism Spectrum – This is a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication.
- Asperger Syndrome – This is generally thought to be at the milder end of the autism spectrum. Individuals with Asperger syndrome have difficulties in social interaction and often have highly focused interests.
- Rett Syndrome – A rare genetic disorder that affects brain development and occurs almost exclusively in girls.
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder – A condition where children develop normally for at least two years and then lose many social, language, and mental skills.
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) – This was used for individuals who did not fully meet the criteria for the other specific disorders.
It’s important to note that only a qualified medical professional can diagnose ASD. The diagnosis involves looking at the child’s behavior and development. Early diagnosis and intervention are most helpful and can improve behavior, skills, and language development. However, intervention is helpful at any age. Although children usually show developmental differences from a very young age, some might not show signs until they are older.
If you or someone you know is seeking a diagnosis for ASD, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider who specializes in this area. They will be able to conduct a thorough evaluation and provide guidance on the appropriate interventions and supports.
For more detailed information on ASD and its types, you can refer to resources provided by reputable organizations such as the Autism Society, Autism Speaks, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
